机器人技术早用于工业优先域，但随着机器人技术的发展和各行业需求的提升，在计算机技术、网络技术、MEMS技术等新技术发展的推动下，近年来，机器人技术正从传统的工业制造优先域向医疗服务、教育娱乐、勘探勘测、生物工程、救灾救援等优先域迅速扩展，适应不同优先域需求的机器人系统被深入研究和开发。

Robot technology was first used in the industrial field, but with the development of robot technology and the improvement of the needs of various industries, and driven by the development of computer technology, network technology, MEMS technology and other new technologies, in recent years, robot technology is rapidly expanding from the traditional industrial manufacturing field to the fields of medical service, education and entertainment, exploration and survey, bioengineering, disaster relief and rescue Robot systems with different requirements in different fields have been deeply researched and developed.

广义上，机器人包括一切模拟人类行为或思想以及模拟其他生物的机械，如机器狗、机器猫等。目前，智能机器人已成为世界各国的研究热点之一，成为衡量一国工业化水平的重要标志。

In a broad sense, robots include all the machines that simulate human behavior or thought and other creatures, such as robot dogs, robot cats, etc. At present, intelligent robot has become one of the research hotspots in the world and an important symbol to measure the industrialization level of a country.

可以说，过去几十年，机器人技术的研究与应用，大大推动了人类的工业化和现代化进程，并逐步形成了机器人的产业链，使机器人的应用范围也日趋广泛。在机器人崭露头角于工业生产的同时，与机器人相关的技术研究，也在不断深入。在这一发展历程中，传感器技术如影随行，密不可分。

It can be said that in the past few decades, the research and application of robot technology has greatly promoted the process of industrialization and modernization of human beings, and gradually formed the industrial chain of robots, so that the application scope of robots has become more and more extensive. With the emergence of robots in industrial production, the technology research related to robots is also in-depth. In this development process, sensor technology is inseparable.

1961年，美国麻省理工学院Lincoln实验室把一个配有接触传感器的遥控操纵器的从动部分与一台计算机联结在一起，这样形成的机器人可以凭触觉决定物体的状态。随后，用电视摄像头作为输入的计算机图像处理、物体辨识的研究工作也陆续取得成果。1968年，美国斯坦福人工智能实验室的J.McCarthy等人研究了新颖的课题——研制带有手、眼、耳的计算机系统。于是，智能机器人的研究形象逐渐丰满起来。

In 1961, the Lincoln Laboratory of Massachusetts Institute of technology linked the driven part of a remote control manipulator equipped with a contact sensor with a computer, so that the robot can determine the state of an object by its touch. Subsequently, the research work of computer image processing and object identification using TV camera as input has also made achievements. In 1968, J. McCarthy and others of Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory studied a new project, the development of computer system with hands, eyes and ears. As a result, the research image of intelligent robot is becoming more and more abundant.

20世纪70年代以来，机器人产业蓬勃兴起，机器人技术发展为专门的学科。工业机器人在汽车制造业的流水